Enterprise in practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Undertaking by and by - Essay Example These models can be utilized practically speaking so as to survey the reasonability of an open door under explicit economic situations. The first of these models, the SWOT examination, gives a point by point perspective on the inside and the outer condition of the association. SWOT investigation centers around the distinguishing proof and the assessment of the organization’s qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers (Earley et al. 2000). The two first components of SWOT investigation, for example the qualities and shortcomings allude to the inside hierarchical condition; in resistance, openings and dangers mirror the organization’s outer condition (Adler et al. 2008). ... al conditions; besides, optional information depicting the organization’s outer condition would be additionally utilized (for example, factual information alluding to the exhibition of the business wherein the association works or the patterns of the specific business with respect to explicit business choices, for example mergers and acquisitions); it would be best that the data alluding to the organization’s outer condition is pertinent to the open door the reasonability of which has been set under assessment; for instance, if the advancement of a vital partnership between a particular association and a notable association of its industry is arranged, at that point the presentation of comparable key choices inside the specific business would be analyzed; an elective technique for creating thoughts, alongside the utilization of SWOT examination, would be the center gatherings, which would offer the accompanying favorable position: through the open conversation on a prog ression of significant issues, thoughts could be created as to the open door under assessment; b) besides, the thoughts producing through the above procedure †or forms, on the off chance that that both the procedures recommended above are utilized †ought to be deliberately saved, so as to be additionally prepared; the utilization of a scratch pad would be valuable guaranteeing that the thoughts producing will be not in chance †alluding to the possible loss of thoughts in the event that they are put away in a database/PC got to by third people, c) at the following level, the PEST investigation (Political, Economic, Social and Technological variables) would be utilized so as to distinguish extra dangers in the organization’s outside condition; PEST examination alludes to various components of the organization’s outside condition and consequently it ought to be utilized alongside SWOT

Formal response to Albert Camus' The Stranger Essay

Formal reaction to Albert Camus' The Stranger - Essay Example Meursault’s inadequacy to discover any expectation in life brings forth the pointlessness of his reality. Without a doubt Camus’ legend doesn't locate any importance and delight throughout everyday life, essentially in light of the fact that he is a latency influenced individual; and on the grounds that he can't marshal the quantum of euphoria and joy from life. Meursault’s absence of expectation and, in any event, his inability to remove it from life develops from a feeling of certainty and inevitability of the truth of this world. This the truth is either the unpreventable truth of death or the truth of any difficulty circumstance. Meursault’s absence of expectation and his inability to separate any importance from life are the results of his fixation on certainty of death. He understands that since all men will kick the bucket definitely, they are generally similar. Yet, this acknowledgment makes him increasingly latent and idle both intellectually and genuinely. He can't feel the need of a mother just as a darling. Thusly he doesn't have any passionate connection to his mom and furthermore sweetheart Marie. This absence of feeling is clear in his response to his mom demise. Indeed, even the wire bearing the message of his mom passing isn't deserving of much consideration. This disinterestedness to his mother’s is uncovered in his uninterested depiction, as he says, â€Å"Maman kicked the bucket today. Or on the other hand yesterday perhaps, I don’t know. I got a wire from the home: â€Å"Mother perished. Burial service tomorrow, Faithfully yours† That doesn’t mean anything. Perhaps it was yesterday.† (Chapter 1, Part 1) To be sure this absence of expectation develops additionally from Meursault’s ineptitude to reason. Meursault murders Raymond’s mistress’s sibling without considering what demise intends to other people. He can't consider others in his reality since he is amazingly self-arranged. This self-direction or self fixation can likewise be seen in his sexual exercises that are bereft of any feeling like love. His

Asian Literature Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

Question: Examine about theAsian Literaturefor Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. Answer: Presentation This task endeavors to give an examination and complexity between two chose writings, which are the Interesting Boy by Shyam Selvadurai and The delight Luck club by Amy Tan. With the assistance of multi-segment pieces, the Entertaining Boy depicts the conflicts of social qualities and The delight Luck club delineates the difficulties engaged with social progress, the issues related with outsider character, power over people predetermination, etc. A theory proclamation would be set that control the issue being talked about and sums up the center idea of the chose writings. A natural bond exists and conveys forward starting with one age then onto the next, regardless of social and generational clashes, which is well deciphered with regards to narrating. All through the content of The delight Luck club different storytellers refereed on their weakness to interpret the estimations and thoughts during social progress. The fractional comprehension of the way of life of the girls and moms are obliged to their inadequate language understanding. Likewise, the preventions, which exist between the girls and moms, are here and there a direct result of their wastefulness to speak with one another. Girls know barely any Chinese words and moms have next to no information on English that made their correspondence troublesome and requires interpretation. Be that as it may, issues have been confronted while acknowledged and expected importance are changed that thusly prompts misconception. Numerous characters make penances for their adoration towards their folks and kids. The benevolence commitment passes on the bond among youngster and parent. Generational, phonetic and social inlets are more than once debilitated yet it is additionally demonstrat ed that the security isn't pulverized (Rogers and Meltzoff). This further shows regardless of the social obstructions, kids and parent bond firmly exists. It is referenced in The delight Luck club that narrating is a method of controlling people destiny. It has made a spot to bargain stories. With hardship and agony, Suyun, a female character needed to control her life. This shows the content filled in as interruption, yet in addition encouraged the change of help, love, situation and network. Stories act to supportsense of sway, a method of surrendering people character and acquiring self-rule. Caren Schnur Neile and David Novak (2013) have referenced that narrating among the indigenous culture is passed in an unwinding and calm condition orally that harmonize with legitimate occasions, similar to formal practices, ceremonies and innate or family network gathering. This is once in a while considered as a method of rectifying undesired conduct of the kids. Sooner or later, singular characters have passed on their nervousness over their wastefulness to settle Chinese legacy thinking about the American environmental factors. They communicated uneasiness over their social personality. A fundamentally the same as idea has been clarified by Shyam Selvadurai in his content the Entertaining Boy, which exhibited consistent social clash among Singhalese and Tamils occur in Sri Lanka. Selvadurai communicated about enthusiastic quality of the teenagers. He at times feels strange as his methodology towards life shifted enormously from the people encompassing him. Like The delight Luck club, Selvadurai exhibited how conflicting social convictions could offer ascent to alienation and disarray (Tan). The Clever Boy investigated the subject of homosexuality during youth, which is keen, emotive and verbalizes from the heart. Arjie, the character, endures fanaticism, comprehends that he is gay and communicates his narrow mindedness towards homosexuality (Selvadurai). Complex considerations if bargain, love and detest faculties influence the adolescence to a more noteworthy degree. Arjie occupied the representative job of a lady of the hour. This shows he is allowed to concede him as going past the limitations of self and exceed expectations to another progressively wonderful and increasingly splendid self. The content through narrating passed on a message to the perusers that there is no language of sexuality, however just impartial and admired structures. Arjies understanding that he doesn't have a place with either young ladies or the young men world and got between these two was an antecedent of further acknowledgment of homosexuality that again imparting the virtues of the character. This could exist as same or fluctuate starting with one culture then onto the next. Davis (2014) in this setting have referenced that more understanding towards sex, natural sex, sexual direction and sex personality empowers people to relate onese lf with others. Issues with worker character are significant concentration in English writing on the grounds that while people move starting with one culture or geological region then onto the next, they bear their demeanors and information on anguish alongside them (Ferguson). After settling down, their unique social personality is nearly change, which animates a degree of having a place. They attempt to settle somewhere near biculturalism or absorption (Grzymala-Kazlowska). Social personality can adjust after some time as the conduct and conviction of individuals or gathering may change (Maxwell). Recognizing expansiveness of social uniqueness is critical to any exertion made so as to go past the bigotry that thusly offers ascend to a comprehension among the various social gatherings. The Entertaining Boy is an eye-opener of socially appropriate sexual orientation jobs and common conflict, which readies a basic and guiltless kid to encounter uproarious circumstances in later life. The delight Luck club contains joined stories in regards to clashes between outsider moms from China and American-brought up little girls and along these lines, mirrors the social conflicts. Singular mother-little girl pair put extraordinary exertion to manage generational and social contrasts. To the girls their moms are oppressive, compromising and antiquated. Consecutively, their moms angered that their little girls have poor comprehension of culture, fulfillment in basic occupations and mentalities towards men. This shows singular little girl and mother see every others viewpoints. Social personality is critical as it encourages people to safeguard history and make a milieu where people feel they fit in. Social character is animated by components like social class, lineage, family, i nstructive level, political assessments, etc. While The delight Luck club centers onto social conflicts, the Funny Boy underlines on the diverse recognition and comprehension of sex and sexuality. Both the chose writings contain little plots dependent on what the writers have communicated different concerns related with social conflicts, outsider character, sexism, etc. Be that as it may, in the current setting, narrating could be a typical topic gotten from the two chose writings. References Caren Schnur Neile, and David Novak. Toward a Methodology of Storytelling Performance Criticism.Storytelling, Self, Society9.1 (2013): 129. Davis, Terri M. Brain research Education Can Foster Exploration and Knowledge of Religion, Spirituality, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Diversity.Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity1.2 (2014): 106-108. Ferguson, Susan J.Race, Gender, Sexuality, Social Class. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, 2013. Print. Grzymala-Kazlowska, A. Social Anchoring: Immigrant Identity, Security And Integration Reconnected?.Sociology(2015). Maxwell, R. Occupations, National Identity, and Immigrant Integration.Comparative Political Studies(2016). Rogers, Leoandra Onnie and Andrew N. Meltzoff. Is Gender More Important And Meaningful Than Race? An Analysis Of Racial And Gender Identity Among Black, White, And Mixed-Race Children..Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology(2016). Selvadurai, Shyam.Funny Boy. 1997. Tan, Amy.The Joy Luck Club. New York: Putnam's, 1989.

Sustainable Operation Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Supportable Operation Management - Assignment Example As per Appleby (2013) this fundamentally not just arrangement with gracefully chain and the presentation of crude materials yet in addition the more extensive turn of events and plan of procedures just as waste removal, this additionally manages the joining of lifecycle investigation concentrated on guaranteeing that supportability endeavors is comprehensive in all the procedures (Appleby 2013). Reasonable practices inside associations must be created to guarantee the decrease of carbon impression all through the particular focused on forms in the association. Maintainable activities the board is obvious in numerous so as to accomplish the ideal result. Topping off WATER IN SWIMMING POOL IN SPORT HALL Sport pools some of the time should be totally depleted and afterward topped off. Pre-adjusted water is normally should have been topped off straightforwardly into the unfilled pool. It is critical to distinguish successful and effective procedure of topping off and keeping up the pool to fulfill the set guidelines for sports. Subsequently preventive pool practices ought to be embraced in this procedure so as to spare time just as expenses. Boosting the proficiency of the games pool is significant in decreasing the hidden carbon impression encouraging accomplishing supportable way of life (Finkbeiner 2009). The way toward topping off the games pool to accomplish maintainability there must be vitality preservation, water and the synthetics at the pool. Expanded carbon impression at the pool prompts an extraordinary gouge on the earth. An outline of maintainable tasks the board concerning pool water topping off is to encourage earth marked â€Å"Green Home† pool more concern put on pool dissipation, diminished carbon impression and long haul maintainability (Finkbeiner 2009). Coming up next is the procedures that are followed to accomplish supportable activities the board in topping off water in pool. Cleaning the pool This is predominantly the initial step a fter the pool has been dried out. The surface arrangement should be resolved. These fundamental methodology upgrade productivity and spare a great deal of time. Deck and spread cleaning is a typical technique which encourages expulsion of flotsam and jetsam and spa deck. A fast breadth encourages expulsion of flotsam and jetsam close to the pool. In directing this procedure care ought to be taken to dodge rough surfaces while hauling the spread off the pool. Surface skimming is applied in expelling soil coasting on a superficial level. It is made sure to discharge skimming flotsam and jetsam into the yard with the goal that it doesn't blowback into the pool when it evaporates. Tile brush and tile cleanser to clean the tiles and this is done underneath or more the waterline. It is eminent that vanishing and topping off of the pool as a rule changes the waterline. Brushing is the most proficient method of expelling green growth from the surfaces and guiding the soil to the fundamental channel with the goal that it tends to be sucked in the channel (Appleby 2013). It is imperative to clean the channel and run new water in the dissemination framework to cleanse away all the earth from the lines. The general viable and effective procedure in carryout this is to deplete, clean and to top off the pool. Topping off the pool The pool is filled direct in the daylight in situations where it is filled over the ground. The immediate daylight encourages extending of the liner as the pools fills. The nozzle is turned on

Medicare and a never-event involving a patient transfer case Essay

Medicare and a never-occasion including a patient exchange case - Essay Example As indicated by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (n.d), the primary factors that decide if patients that are in danger of weight ulcers get appropriate medicinal services can be arranged into three wide regions: clinical administrations openness, nature of clinical administrations, social components and monetary variables. Patients that are danger of weight ulcers ought to be in a situation to get to the clinical administrations in time. These administrations can be arranged into three: skin evaluation that is far reaching in nature, normalized hazard appraisal and the making arrangements for pressure ulcer care (Healthcare Research and Quality, n.d). Every one of these classifications is significant and ought to be very much performed. These means empower clinicians to abstain from ignoring with regards to clinical consideration that is proof based. The nature of clinical administrations is a factor as in, for instance, on account of skin appraisal (extensive), the skin in its totality ought to be inspected definitely for variations from the norm. This shouldn’t be done uniquely through looking, yet contacting additionally particularly the hard regions of the body (Healthcare Research and Quality, n.d). At the point when this isn't done appropriately, at that point the weight ulcer won't have the option to be distinguished in its beginning period. Social elements hold that there is have to deal with the individuals who are in danger of weight ulcers because of the difficulty of moving the body parts for instance. There ought to be close connections that make sure that these individuals are aided way that could be available and taken to medical clinic when need be. The monetary variables assume a job, particularly with regards to the material that the potential weight ulcer persistent sits or lies in. The open to resting offices are costly and thusly no one but few can bear the cost of those of the best characteristics, for instance a wheelchair (Healthcare Research and Quality, n.d). The organization needs to concoct rules and guideline if not laws like

Generativity vs. Stagnation in Psychosocial Development

Generativity vs. Stagnation in Psychosocial Development Theories Psychosocial Psychology Print Generativity vs. Stagnation: Psychosocial Stage 7 By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on July 17, 2019 Psychosocial Development Overview Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair Generativity versus stagnation is the seventh of eight stages of Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. This stage takes place during middle adulthood between the ages of approximately 40 and 65.?? The eighth and last stage is integrity vs. despair. During this time, adults strive to create or nurture things that will outlast them; often by parenting children or contributing to positive changes that benefit other people. Contributing to society and doing things to benefit future generations are important needs at the generativity versus stagnation stage of development.?? Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee Generativity refers to making your mark on the world by caring for others as well as creating and accomplishing things that make the world a better place. Stagnation refers to the failure to find a way to contribute. These individuals may feel disconnected or uninvolved with their community and with society as a whole. Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world. Overview Psychosocial Conflict: Generativity Versus StagnationMajor Question: How can I contribute to the world?Basic Virtue: CareImportant Event(s): Parenthood and Work Characteristics of Generativity and Stagnation Some key characteristics of generativity include making commitments to other people, developing relationships with family, mentoring others and contributing to the next generation. As you might imagine, these sorts of things are frequently realized through having and raising children. Some characteristics of stagnation include  being self-centered, failing to get involved with others, not taking an interest in productivity, no efforts to improve the self and placing ones concerns over above all else. One thing to note about this stage is that life events tend to be less age-specific than they are during early-stage and late-stage life. The major events that contribute to this stage such as marriage, work, and child-rearing can occur at any point during the rather broad span of middle-adulthood. It is at this point in life that some people might experience what is often referred to as a midlife crisis. People might reflect back on their accomplishments and consider their future trajectory and feel regret. In some cases this might involve regretting missed opportunities such as going to school, pursuing a career or having children. In some cases, people might use this crisis as an opportunity to make adjustments in their lives that will lead to greater fulfillment. It is important to note that it is the way that people interpret these regrets that influence their well-being. Those who feel that they have made mistakes wasted their time, and have no time to make changes may be left feeling bitter. There are also numerous factors that can influence feelings of generativity versus feelings of stagnation at this point in life. People who have positive relationships with others, good quality health and a sense of control over their lives will feel more productive and satisfied. Those who suffer from poor health, poor relationships and feel that they have no control over their fate are more likely to experience feelings of stagnation. Signs of a Midlife Crisis Expanding  on the Generativity vs. Stagnation Stage Research published in 2003 suggested further elaboration of the primary conflicts of the generativity vs. stagnation stage.?? These include: Inclusivity versus exclusivity: This crisis centers on the scope of caregiving activities and on what and who an individual is willing to include in his or her life. This stage reflects the trust versus mistrust stage of early childhood.Pride versus embarrassment: This aspect of the generativity versus stagnation stage is centered on the sense of pride that adults take in their family and children. In many ways, it mirrors the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage of early childhood.Responsibility versus ambivalence: This adulthood crisis centers on whether people choose to take responsibility for their lives and choices. It reflects the initiative versus guilt stage seen earlier during childhood.Productivity versus inadequacy: Work plays a major role in adulthood, so it is no surprise that an individual’s sense of pride and accomplishment in their work can lead to feelings of productivity. This stage mirrors the industry versus inferiority stage of childhood.Parenthood versus self -absorption: This aspect of adulthood centers on reaching out and contributing to the next generation. This can occur through parenting although not all people who produce offspring necessarily become supportive and giving parents and those who do not have children are still able to give to the next generation in meaningful ways. This part of the generativity versus stagnation stage reflects many of the aspects of the earlier identity versus confusion stage of adolescence.Honesty versus denial: As the generativity stages draw to a close and people approach the final stage of life, finding meaning plays an increasingly critical role. Self-knowledge and self-understanding have an important role during this phase of the generativity versus stagnation stage. Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair

Social Technology Use In Organizations - Free Essay Example

While one uses the social networking in an organization firstly the goal should be clear as to whether they are using the networking for the internal communication between employees of that organization? Or for communication with the external parties such as the customers or the competitors. And special care should be taken if it is being used for communication outside the organization and proper security conditions should be imposed as afterall it is done on the internet, and it remains on the internet. And also the organizations may be having much confidential data with them and can be of grief if that vital information gets leaked to outside world, specially the competitors. And so the higher authorities should make sure and impose good and strict security policies so that the use of social networking become the loss rather than enhancing the performance and the profit of the organization. And also various other factors should be considered so as to maintain confidentiality within the organization and depending on the hierarchy or the role of that employee, the permissions should be assigned and proper firewall should be in practise. No security loopholes should be present and so the information confidentiality can be achieved. Let us take an example of Dell, India. I worked for Dell, India for couple of months and was amazed to see the networking that they used for communication between employees of that organization. Firstly the social networking sites which are proved as time-wasting were restricted by using a very strong firewall. And also the mail portals were blocked. But they used a special networking software for socializing themselves with the various colleagues who worked for Dell, dell being a global organization, and no matter from which country they work, they can still communicate with each other and share ideas and knowledge with their company mates and so the efficiency can be achieved as there is no chance of data leakage in any means, as the confidential information available in their systems cannot be sent to any unauthorized individual as the social networking sites and mail portals and the removable media were all blocked from using within the organization. Infact the same authorised De ll Technician cannot access to the confidential resources from outside the Dell organization being at home or in a cafes. So the confidentiality of the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s crucial data is secured from unauthorized access. Literature Review : In recent months, the use of social networking has drastically increased and in the broader aspect has benefitted the organization and the employees in many many ways. Infact social networking in an organization is now being widely used for marketing purpose. One should define their audience, locate their potential customers, build a social relationship with them and promote their brand and website. (https://hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Use-Social-Networking-For-Business-Marketing-Profits). The key factor behind the success of social networking in the organization is to be yourself, be human, open up a little and show the customers as to who you are. Because if not taken care about the above factors, then the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profit will be at the stake. Social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace have become the party lines of this young century. They are inviting and intriguing and a powerful communication tool. Learning how to use them wisely for marketing can i ncrease your business profile. (https://www.allbusiness.com/marketing-advertising/public-relations/11674037-1.html) . There are several pros of using social networking sites like Paved the way for easier communication with colleagues and friends Virtual communities can be formed composing of people of common interests In sooner days Twitter as a social networking site has made huge advances and the number of active users are increasing at a very fast pace. And in no time, Twitter has become the second most popular social networking site after Facebook. And very soonly it will lead the way and head to number one in social networking sites. Twitter has proved to be a boon I n marketing of the organization, and also there are various other factors which are in favour of Twitter. Twitter can be used in an organization in several ways, of which some are listed as of under. Develop a more personal, engaged and sustained relationships with customers Grow your customer base Get the attention of people interested in your organization or your work Publicise your business Build your brand Keep track on what people think about your business, products industry Cold-contact and market with people without annoying them. Provide amazing customer service in a really easy way. Promote your new products. Pin point customer locations to within a 20 mile radius Position yourself as an expert in your field by sharing news and information relevant to your business and by One of the most important advantage of twitter is that, usually 1+1=2, but in the case of twitter 1+1= countless possibilities. As the message once sent and replied by somebody keeps on multiplying and is reflected to all the people following him/her. So it proves to be a best example in terms of sharing of knowledge as it keeps on spreading at a very good speed. And also twitter helps in making the possibility to make a difference. But it is like every coin has two sides, and so along with many advantages, twitter is packed with many disadvantages/mis-conducts as well, such as These social networking sites if not used properly can lead to Goofing Privacy Infringement Scammers use Social networking trick people into downloading malicious software (Malware) Hacking Impersonation Cindy King, an international sales specialist, saw a huge boost in business inquires by implementing a strategic Twitter plan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Following the right people on Twitter was key. There are some people very gifted at building relationships on Twitter. As I followed these online community builders, I realized that some of them are also excellent direct response copywriters. They get their Twitter followers to take action,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? said King. (Cindy King, file:///G:/Salford%20During%20d%20course/ITASIO/Twitter/How%20to%20Use%20Twitter%20to%20Grow%20Your%20Business%20_%20Copyblogger.htm) Twitter is a communication platform that helps businesses stay connected to their customers. As a business, you can use it to quickly share information with people interested in your company, gather real-time market intelligence and feedback, and build relationships with customers, partners and other people who cares about your company. As an individual user, one can use twitter to tell a company about the experience one had with that company, as to whether it was great or disappointing experience with their business. (https://www.webspininternetmarketing.com/our-services/social-media/twitter/ ,23-03-2011) Case Description : Twitter as a social networking site has various uses and in several different fields. One can use it for keeping in touch with friends and colleagues or even for the marketing of the organization, and infact now-a-days twitter has even proved useful in the university for academic purposes. Lets discuss more about the potential use of twitter in a university. Lets take an example of the University of Texas at Dallas, where a professor named Monica Rankin has found an interactive and interesting way to use twitter in the classroom. She uses a weekly hashtag to organize comments, questions feedbacks posted by students on twitter during the class. There is an very good tool named TweetDeck from where the students can send the questions rather than posting them via SMS or by writing questions on the small piece of paper. Then what can be done is project a giant image of live tweets in front of the whole classroom for discussing and giving suggestions that the students can lately refer ag ain while studying. The result of this method is mixed but still it is clear that more students do participate in the classroom discussion as compared to the traditional way of teaching. Also the problem with the traditional way of teaching is that if the professors doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t engage the students properly then they might end up talking and addressing to walls. And as we all are aware that the 21st centuryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s literacy is all about digital media. Also the professors can use twitter to notify students about the submission deadlines and the extra lecture extensions. Also twitter is very helpful for the teachers as well. As the professors can develop a personal learning network that will help them to become a good teacher and keep themselves updated with the latest technology and knowledge about the academic material by following the other senior tutors world-wide. Also one more effective way of using twitter in a university is that the students can tweet the questions and the doubts, and either other students or the professor can reply to those tweets. And one more additional benefit of twitter in a university is that the physical presence o f the professor or the students is not that important, so can make education possible despite being present in different state or the country. The only thing necessary is the internet connection and an account. If these two conditions are satisfied, then the education can take place whenever, wherever on the go. As internet can be accessed even from the homes and the mobile devices as well. So this proves to be very useful for the progress in education system. The added advantage of twitter is that the professors can communicate with the parents of the students who use twitter for discussing the excursion details or the home-work tasks and also to intimate the parents about the progress of their child.

Essay on The Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God

The Cosmological Argument attempts to prove that God exists by showing that there cannot be an infinite number of regressions of causes to things that exist. It states that there must be a final uncaused-cause of all things. This uncaused-cause is asserted to be God. Arguments like this are thought up to recognize why we and the universe exist. The Cosmological Argument takes several forms but is basically represented below. Cosmological Argument Things exist It is possible for those things not to exist Whatever has the possibility of non-existence, yet exists, has been caused to exist. Something cannot bring itself into existence because it would have had to exist to do†¦show more content†¦Weaknesses of the argument One of the weaknesses of the argument is that if all things need a cause to exist, then God Himself must also, by definition, need a cause to exist. But this only pushes causation back and implies that there must be an infinite number of causes, which cannot be. This is contradictory. Also, by definition, God is uncaused. There are two forms of the cosmological argument. One is the Kalam argument: Like all cosmological arguments, the kalam cosmological argument is an argument from the existence of the world or universe to the existence of God. The existence of the universe, such arguments claim, stands in need of explanation. The only adequate explanation, the arguments suggest, is that God created it. What distinguishes the kalam cosmological argument from other forms of cosmological argument is that it rests on the idea that the universe has a beginning in time. Modal forms of the cosmological argument are consistent with the universe having an infinite past. With the kalam cosmological argument, however, it is precisely because the universe is thought to have a beginning in time that the existence of the universe is thought to stand in need of explanation. The argument has the following structure: (1) Everything that has a beginning of its existence has a causeShow MoreRelatedThe Cosmological Argument For The Existence Of God Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerning the existence of God. If God exists, we probably have to make him accountable. The universe would probably have a meaning and a purpose. Also, our very existence may not be cease after physical death. But if God does not exist, we are probably here by chance and we have no accountability to any transcendent. This life is probably all we have, so we should live as we please. The question arises - Does God exist? At first glance, it seems contradictory to prove the existence of somethingRead MoreThe Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God1416 Words   |  6 PagesThe cosmological argument for the existence of god According to St. John 8:31-32 said, â€Å"If you remain in my word, you will truly be my disciples, and you will know the truth and the truth shall set you free†. This sentence is come from the bible, but I am not a christian, so I do not really understand what this means. I guess it was talking about if people believe in god, and trust his words, and in the end the will get the freedom. For many of christians, they believes in god, but many ofRead MoreThe Cosmological Argument On The Existence Of God1444 Words   |  6 Pagesexplain the existence of God; the Cosmological Argument is one such theory. The Cosmological Argument has been changed and reviewed for years; however, the focus has always stayed the same. The universe is a prime example that there is a God. A simple Cosmological argument states that: Everything that exists has a cause of its existence. The universe exists. Therefore, The universe has a cause of its existence. If the universe has a cause of its existence, then that cause is God. Therefore, God existsRead MoreThe Cosmological Argument For The Existence Of God1957 Words   |  8 Pagesinsist there is no evidence for the existence of God while maintaining religious faith is fundamentally irrational. This paper will examine the KalÄ m Cosmological Argument (KCA), demonstrating that it offers strong evidence for the existence of God, thereby providing a rational foundation for the Christian faith. Background The cosmological argument is, â€Å"a family of arguments that seek to demonstrate the existence of a Sufficient Reason or First Cause of the existence of the cosmos.† Historians traceRead MoreCosmological Arguments On The Existence Of A God2212 Words   |  9 Pageswhether or not God exists. Now there are various conceptions of God within philosophy, but the most simple and widely accepted definition would likely be a â€Å"metaphysically necessary being.† That will be the definition of God for this paper. Numerous arguments have been put forth for and against the existence of a God, and some can be grouped together according to their type. Examples of these arguments range from teleological arguments to axiological arguments to cosmological arguments (to name a few)Read More The History of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God1341 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Cosmological Argument were developed by the world renowned philosophers Plato and Aristotle be tween the years 400 and 200 BC (Boeree). Medieval philosopher Saint Thomas Aquinas expanded upon their ideas in the late 13th Century when he wrote, â€Å"The Five Ways.† Since then the Cosmological Argument has become one of the most widely accepted and criticized arguments for the existence of God. My objective in this paper is to explain why the Cosmological Argument is a reasonable argument for theRead MoreClarke s Cosmological Argument On The Existence Of God1648 Words   |  7 Pages Clarke’s Cosmological argument has been around for multiple centuries—the purpose of this argument being to try to prove the existence of God. Although this argument sounds valid—meaning that â€Å"IF premises 1 and 2 are true, then the conclusion must be true† — while many people have accepted this argument, it has also caused a lot of questioning and skepticism, mainly because of what the Cosmological Argument uses to support its argument—the Principle of Sufficient reason. Before determining whetherRead More The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God804 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God The cosmological argument seeks to prove the existence of God by looking at the universe. It is an A posteriori proof based on experience and the observation of the world not logic so the outcome is probable or possible not definite. The argument is in three forms; motion, causation and being. These are also the first three ways in the five ways presented by Aquinas through which he believed the existence of God couldRead MoreThe Various Forms of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God1561 Words   |  7 PagesThe Various Forms of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God The cosmological argument is a well established argument for the existence of God and it is also known as the first cause argument. The cosmological argument is based upon the belief that there is a first cause behind the existence of universe and this was God. It has taken many forms and in the past has been presented in many ways. So many philosophers have put their points across, philosophers like; Read MoreThe Key Ideas of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Key Ideas of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God A) The cosmological argument is to prove the existence of god. In this type of argument we are looking at cause and not design. This type of argument is an aposteriori argument because it is based upon experience. Thomas Aquinas puts the key ideas into 3 ways. First way is, motion/change. Nothing can move by itself or change itself. The first thing to have moved must have been moved by something else and

The Prince and The Discourses by Niccolo Machiavelli

In the late 15th to the 16th centuries, Florence gets into a tumultuous era with the rise of some political issues and weaknesses of the state as a republic, such as the lack of seriousness with its pretensions, the vulnerability of the Italian city-state given the fragility of international alliances and the dangers of placing security in the hands of another power; being involved in a prolonged war with one of its territories, Pisa, puts Florence in an even worse situation. As a person working at the office of the second chancellery of Florence with great interest in politics, Machiavelli tries to come up with some possible solutions that could get Florence into a better situation. Through his political career as a diplomat and secretary under the regime of Piero Soderini, Machiavelli realizes how important the role of the populace is in order for the Florentine government to get close to what he thinks of as the ideal model of republican governance. Although his two books, The Pr ince and The Discourses are mainly about the expected behavior of rulers and the story of expansion of Rome, Machiavelli also contributes a big portion of his books to discuss about the types of roles that the populace should be entrusted with in a republican government. This paper will argue that being supportive of their rulers, bringing liberty to the state and contributing to the establishment of Florence as a solid republican country are the three main contributions that Florentine populaceShow MoreRelatedThe Last Days Of Socrates And Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince And The Discourses1651 Words   |  7 Pagesand framework for political philosophy, are Plato’s The Last Days of Socrates, and Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince and The Discourses. Both pieces take place during political uncertainty with surrounding societal turmoil. Each take a different approach to how these issues must be dealt with. They each have their own construct of an ideal political regime which, at times overlap, but at others do not. Machiavelli seeks to gain power and wealth while Socrates seeks to gain knowledge and justice. ItRead MoreMachiavelli’s Political Ideas and Influence1477 Words   |  6 Pagesembodied political realism was Niccolo Machiavelli. Machiavelli was a Florentine born in 1469 and lived during the crux of the Renaissance. Before his career as an author Machiavelli was a Florentine ambassador in France and The Holy Roman Empire. Machiavelli studied Renaissance humanism and political realism. As a reaction to what he saw in the north, In 1513 Machiavelli wrote The Prince, which explained his ideas and experiences from his time as an ambassador. The Prince was a how-to book on how toRead MoreBiography of and Principles Taught By Niccolo Machiavelli Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesMachiavelli Essay: Question 1 Born in the 15th century, Niccolà ² Machiavelli was an Italian historian, politician, philosopher, diplomat and humanist. Following his career as an official in the Florentine Republic, Machiavelli was a founder of modern political science and political ethics. In the political treatise The Prince, written in 1532, Machiavelli outlines several key traits of a successful princedom such as; how to incorporate newly acquired provinces, the most successful way to conquer territoriesRead MoreMachiavelli s On Human Nature1531 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli on Human Nature Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes were two modern political theorists who presented new ideas about political organization in the 16th and 17th century. While Machiavelli focused his written works on ideas related to effective governance, Hobbes attempts to explain the necessity of establishing a ruler to maintain peace and stability. Although Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes focused on different aspects of political theory, both thinkers addressed the conceptRead MoreEssay on Machiavelli1580 Words   |  7 Pages The Italian Renaissance is known for its birth of many notable philosophers, including the famous Niccolo Machiavelli. He is, without a doubt, one of the greatest political thinkers to have ever existed, and his ideas and beliefs have been an inspiration and motivation for many famous leaders. Although he has known to have been a positive influence on mankind, Machiavelli has also distinguished a bad reputation that has been unfairly given to him because of a misunderstanding in his views on politicsRead MoreAnalysis Of Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince 1625 Words   |  7 PagesOne well-known Renaissance thinker, Niccolo Machiavelli, was one of those philosophers whose political views caused an uproar during earlier centuries. His view on effective leadership was rather harsh and not exactly adopted in the Italian society. As a Renaissance citizen, Machiavelli proved his writing skills through a number of works such as short stories, plays, and histories. His more popular works inc luded those call the Discourses on Livy and The Prince-which will be described further moreRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1719 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli’s, The Prince, a book written by Niccolà ² Machiavelli, is a read that most people wouldn’t prefer to read as a first option but in defense to Niccolo, it brings out many themes such as Goodwill and Hatred, Free will, and Human Nature. â€Å"It is known from his personal correspondence that The Prince was written during 1513, the year after the Medici took control of Florence, and a few months after Machiavelli s arrest, torture, and banishment by the Medici regime† (Bio.com). The novel wasRead More Ethics in Machiavellis The Prince Essay example1498 Words   |  6 PagesEthics in Machiavellis The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) was an Italian statesman and political philosopher. He was employed on diplomatic missions as defence secretary of the Florentine republic, and was tortured when the Medici returned to power in 1512. When he retired from public life he wrote his most famous work, The Prince (1532), which describes the means by which a leader may gain and maintain power. The Prince has had a long and chequered history and the number of controversiesRead More Separating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in Niccolà ² Machiavellis, The Prince2131 Words   |  9 PagesSeparating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in Niccolà ² Machiavellis, The Prince Niccolà ² Machiavelli wrote, in his novel The Prince, that strong central political leadership was more important than anything else, including religion and moral behavior. Machiavelli, writing during a period of dramatic change known as the Italian Renaissance, displayed attitudes towards many issues, mostly political, which supported his belief that strong government was the most important element in societyRead MoreMachiavelli s The Prince And The Discourse Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesNiccolà ² Machiavelli wrote a book which called The Prince. It is about the political ideology of Machiavelli s political realism, which means the effective truth is taken to be more important than any abstract ideal. In this book, he talks about the importance of the concept of virtà º. He claimed that rulers have to suppress their personal virtues while sometimes committing improper acts in order to maintain powers and protect their principalities. In Discourses, Machiavelli becomes to extol s the

Fallacy Summary and Application Essay - 838 Words

Abstract An argument is fallacious when it contains one or more logical fallacies. A logical fallacy is an argument that contains a mistake in reasoning (2002). When using critical thinking to make decisions, an individual or group needs to be aware of logical fallacies and how they relate to decision-making. Logical fallacies can be used to manipulate a situation and if a person or group does not recognize logical fallacies, the person or group can be manipulated during the decision-making process. This paper will discuss three common logical fallacies and how they can be used in the decision-making process between management and subordinates in a business setting. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;†¦show more content†¦The Nizkor Project describes a hasty generalization as a fallacy that is committed when a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is not large enough (www.nizkor.org). The managers that were involved in the discussion group stated that the entire staff should have their Internet access removed because they were all misusing at time, or would at some point in the future. Because only a few individuals have actually misused the company resource, it was hasty generalization by the managers to state that all of the employees have or would misuse the company’s Internet access. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The subordinates responded to the managers’ use of the hasty generalization fallacy, with a fallacy of their own. The subordinates stated that if the company removed a tool such as Internet access that is used to complete company business, what would the managers remove next. The phones, office supplies, or possibly their computers? The subordinates stated that if their Internet access were removed, they would eventually be unable to do their jobs. The subordinates to form their argument for not removing Internet access from the staff used the slippery slope fallacy. The logical fallacy known as the slippery slope occurs when we claim, without sufficient evidence, that a seemingly harmless action, if taken, will lead to a disastrous outcome (2002). The managers having listenedShow MoreRelatedFallacy Summary and Application Essay1066 Words   |  5 PagesFallacy Summary and Application Abstract Throughout this paper, we will discuss the relative meanings of fallacies and the importance they have in regards to critical thinking and the decision-making processes. Within the process of critical thinking, fallacies tend to play a very large part of this process. By definition, a fallacy is a statement or an argument based on a false or invalid reference (American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language). As you will read on further into thisRead More Logical Fallacies Summary and Application Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesLogical Fallacies Summary and Application What do you see when you look at Begging the Question, Hasty Generalization, and Appealing to Emotion? When you initially look at these three categories they may not seem to have too much in common. However, when you look deeper you will see that in fact, they are all different types of logical fallacies. Logical fallacies are errors of reasoning, errors that may be recognized and corrected by prudent thinkers (Downes, 1995). The following quote helpsRead More Teaching an Applied Critical Thinking Course: How Applied Can We Get?3266 Words   |  14 Pagesthis function. The software in question is an interactive, artificial intelligence program that checks beliefs for faulty thinking (fallacies), including inductive and deductive errors. The system scans student essays for possible fallacies; asks questions at relevant junctions; provides individualized feedback on fallacies committed; provides summaries of fallacies found; diagnoses thinking problems; issues recommendations; and pro vides other pertinent information. The current movement in appliedRead MoreUsing Mobile Technology For Farming And Economic Reasons1343 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology to solicit prospective crops sales around the various remote agricultural communities. The authors, Sampangi, Viswanath and Ashish Ray stated that the Indian government was really on to something â€Å"new† with the Indian culture. Does this application not â€Å"go beyond† what the theory claims? This writer contends that –â€Å"If You Build It They Will Come† (Kinsella, 1982). What are the issues involved in translating theory into practice In further substantiating the previous thought concerning theRead MoreWhat is wrong with adultery Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pagesessay, Steinbock argues that adultery is different from a criminal offense position such as murder where people use moral rules against them. Hence, adultery is not banned universally because adultery is a private matter. Here, Steinbock commits the fallacy of equivocation which means a word shifts from its meaning from one premise to another. The word adultery shifts its meaning from a criminal offense to a private matter in the same argument. Such a change of meaning always makes an argument invalidRead MoreA Scientific Discussion About Diet And Exercise For Health And Weight Loss881 Words   |  4 Pagestranscribed the presentation into the format that I hope to submit for publication through you and your agency. The general scope of the book focuses on a summary of what we know about obesity and how exercise and diet assists with improving health issues that people who are obese face while attempting to lose weight. Following the summary are a series of responses to questions generated by either those in attendance for the lecture I gave, or close colleagues that I have worked with in the pastRead MoreThe Roman Road And The Romans Road1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman Road Summary of Method -The intellectual method of evangelism the Romans Road uses a systematic way to explain salvation through Bible verses from the book of Romans (What Is Romans Road). The Romans Road method of evangelism is used by many evangelists and missionaries to share the good news of salvation. The Romans Road approach makes it easy to map out the road to salvation. Although there are different versions of the Romans Road the message of salvation remains the same. The RomansRead MoreHow Testing Can Improve Quality Of The Software1395 Words   |  6 Pagescan see how many bugs are in which module. â€Å"This can give a good indication that when a defect is found in one area of the application, chances are there are more defects in that particular area, so it is worth investing more time to test that particular area of the application to find as many defects as possible. However, testers should not ignore to test the rest of application as well as there may be other defects sc attered around.† (Amir Ghahrai, 2008)The fifth principle is the pesticide paradoxRead MoreThe Age Of Enlightenment : An Elusive Dream Of Perfection1244 Words   |  5 Pagesparadise beyond compare. Many, through their works tried to give their readers, if even through an abstract glance, what the perfection would be. Many writers thoughout time have seemed to understand society and through their works have shown the fallacy of this vision. Through their words, they revealed that in order for perfection or a Utopian to be established on reason, as demonstrated in Voltaire’s Candide, we as humans would have to give up what it means to be human. To quote Jesus Christ,Read MoreSummary and Response Essay1905 Words   |  8 Pages Outstanding Student Paul Brown (MW or TR) Summary and Response due date This is a Sample Summary and Response In his article Making the Grade, Kurt Wiesenfeld presents a problem regarding the ethical value of grades in modern society. A physics professor, Wiesenfeld opens the article by making the rookie error of being in his office the day after final grades were posted. (paragraph 1) Several students then attempt to influence him to change their grades for the class. What concerns Wiesenfeld

Separation Of Church And State - 1446 Words

Is the separation of church and state still necessary in the overall legal and social aspects of a modern society such as the United States? Research and history show that maintaining the church separate from the government is important for the ongoing success of a free and well functioning society. Separation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine which states that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from one another. Ideally, the church should not influence the decisions made by rule of law and how a government functions. This idea refers to the secular state, which is understood as the combination of two principles, secularity of government and freedom of religious practice. Beliefs on the proper relationship between religion and government cover a wide spectrum. One ranging between complete secularization of government, and the other being a theocracy, in which government and church are unified under one central leadership. Along this line, a number of distinctions and issues are raised. The most primary is the division between the two distinct ideas of government secularization and church independence. In the United States, the Separation of Church and State is generally discussed as a political and legal principle derived from the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, which reads, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof . . .Show MoreRelatedSeparation Of Church And State Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesSeparation of church and state is a defined as, the understanding of the intent, and function of the Establishment Clause, and Free Exercise Clause. The Combination of church and state has been a topic that, many generations have struggled with for centuries. The first amendment of the constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law about our religious beliefs, or prohibiting our free exercise of religion† If we put our faith in the constitution to define the founding father’s standpoint ofRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State902 Words   |  4 PagesA Closer look at the Separation of Church and State in the United States Although â€Å"God† is mentioned in the Constitution, this country was built upon the principle of separation of church and state. Despite this ideal, those elected into office: propose, pass, and deny laws based on their religious beliefs, completely disregarding the previously mentioned principle. The problem with that is that the country is so ethnically and culturally diverse that one religion representing an entire nation ofRead MoreThe separation of church and state1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe separation of church and state has been a long debated topic in the history of America. Although founded upon Christian ideals, the framers of the Constitution explicitly outlined the government to function secularly, in what is commonly referred to as the â€Å"Establishment Clause†. When interpreting the Constitution in regards to religion, there are two primary philosophies. The first philosophy this paper will explore will be referred to as Positive Toleration. In gen eral, the idea of positiveRead MoreSeparation of Church and State701 Words   |  3 PagesSeparation of Church and State To understand Locke’s argument for the separation of church and state you first need to understand what the purpose of the government is. Locke stated that the government is supposed to support civil interest. These civil interests include property, life, and security. Therefore the government’s job is to protect the civil interests of the people using force lawfully. Once Locke institutes the power of the government he develops three important assumptions vitalRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe separation of church and state has been encountered and challenged several times in the Supreme Court, which was first mentioned by Thomas Jefferson. However it is not solidly stated in the Constitution on what is right or wrong and good or bad. This theory was modified from various elements from the Constitution essentially the first and fourteenth amendments. In the first amendment it is written Congress shall make no law respecting an esta blishment of religion or prohibiting the free exerciseRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1632 Words   |  7 Pages We are currently living in a time where freedom of religion is guaranteed in the United States. It has been since the first amendment of the Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1791. The first amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting the establishment of religion or impeding the free exercise of religion ( (Rotunda, 2004). This amendment established the separation of church and government that our country was founded on and still practices today. We as Americans are freeRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1825 Words   |  8 PagesSeparation of church and state refers to the division of the relationship between religion and government. Various laws apply to different countries around the world about the separation of church and state. Some involve religion so much into their daily lives; it controls how their country is run. In other places, where it is not mandated as much, it becomes a problem in disputing what is and what is not right. The United States of America faces this issue as they struggle deciding what the meaningRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1594 Words   |  7 Pagesdirection and control exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, and inhabitants of communities, societies, and states. While documents have been written to help the leaders of our country, there is constant debate over what changes need to be made. Some believe that the country is falling apart while others think minor adjustments need to be made. The separation of church and state is also a topic of debate. The question of what needs to be changed and where religion falls in all of this are alwaysRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe separation between church and state is a debate that continues to grow with tension as the culture of America rapidly polarizes. A long-standing claim that America was founded on Christian doctrine is a common argument in favor of the church and state to remain tog ether, yet the most commonly used metaphor explaining what the â€Å"Separation of Church and State† contextually means in today’s terms is simply that government and religion should not coincide with one another in any capacity. EvidenceRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State2095 Words   |  9 Pagesnation. It was clear that individuals should be allowed to make up their own minds about how they choose to worship, if they worship at all. For years the constitutionality of the separation of church and state has been debated, many people have analyzed and reanalyzed Thomas Jefferson’s famous saying â€Å"A Wall of Separation† in his letter to the Danbury Baptist. Many religious people believe that the government is slowly taking our right to freedom of religion, the reason our country was founded, away

Mark Bittman Man v. Meat Free Essays

As the spokesperson In the Ted Talk, Mark Batman: What’s wrong with what we eat, Blatant expresses his once about negative ecological and health impacts of our current food regimen. He describes our modern diet as, â€Å"overwhelmingly meat-centered and hooked on fast food† (TED). Meat’s role In our society is massive, and knowing more about it is crucial. We will write a custom essay sample on Mark Bittman: Man v. Meat or any similar topic only for you Order Now When Batman delivers the â€Å"stinging condemnation† of the way we eat now, and many worldwide were listening. Mark Batman’s argument, on how eating as much meat and Junk food as we do is negatively affecting the health of our planet and ourselves, is accurate and credible, because of his extensive background in the food Industry and the valid evidence that ties his claim altogether. What Is It about Mark Bellman’s great background In the food Industry that makes his argument even more so probable? Well, throughout his career, he has won several awards from the James Beard Foundation and the International Association of Culinary Professionals for his writing and his television series, Batman Takes on America’s Chefs. The Beard Awards are the highest honor for food and beverage professionals working In North America. † (lames Beard Foundation) Mark Batman was recognized, for being a culinary professional who had shown excellence and achievement in his field. The CAP Cookbook Awards honor the authors, publishers, and other contributors behind the best of cookbooks pub lished each year† (CAP). Due to this acknowledgement, Blatant now holds â€Å"a coveted mark of distinction† (CAP). According to, the highly awarded journalist and author, Michael Pollen, Mark Batman is one of â€Å"The World’s 7 Most Powerful Bodies,† an honor that Batman shared with First Lady Michelle Obama (EGG). In order for Batman to get where he Is currently, he had to work hard and lobby for his position. In 201 2, he was the only regularly-appearing opinion penman in a leading newspaper in the united States, writing rather much exclusively about food, for the most prime paper in the country and one of the most major papers in the world (ICE, 2012). Evidently, due to the outstanding highlights of Mark Batman’s food career, he Is a credible source. 1 OF 7 it is now time to take a look at the research that completely ties the claims that he makes together. Other than in the Ted Talk, Mark Batman: What is wrong with what we eat, in an interview with the Institute of Culinary Education, the â€Å"food columnist† continually argues that eating meat is a big problem for the food system. Batman lams that, â€Å"If we had stricter laws on the treatment of animals, and better controls on the use of antibiotics in animals, better waste disposal systems, better environmental controls, it would make meat much more expensive, and if we made meat much more expensive, then sustainable meat and meat raised non-industrially would be more competitively priced† (ICE, 2012). As a result, of higher meat prices, meat consumption rates would decrease. By consuming less meat, the generation of the world’s greenhouse gases would also decrease, (Batman, 2008) because eating meat is what is â€Å"destroying our environment† (PETA). Although PETA is a bias source, this statement can easily be proven as correct. Validated through research, what we eat contributes â€Å"more greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO), methane, nitrous oxide, and the like to spew into the atmosphere than either transportation or industry’ (Filial, 2009). Many underestimate the importance of eating less meat, over half of the carbon footprint of the average American diet comes from animal products (Take Extinction off of Your Plate). While watching the Ted Talk, Mark Batman: What’s wrong with what we eat, I was shocked how big of an impact eating eat has on the Earth and the people who inhabit it. When Batman mentioned that meat was more of a concern than transportation, I started to think back to the time when many CEO-friendly people would bike or walk places instead of spreading around â€Å"car pollution. † They, like my past self, had no idea that eating less meat does more than not driving a car. Mark Batman’s claim within his concern is accurate, because of the various studies of the negative impacts of meat consumption on our environment. Logically, if eating meat affects something as big as the Earth, it would have a bigger effect on our overall being as well. To back up Mark Batman’s claim about how we should have â€Å"better controls on the use of antibiotics in animals†, science-writing intern Cassandra Brooks states that, â€Å"the administration of antibiotics causes health problems, so much so that it can result in antibiotic-resistant bacteria that threaten the usefulness of medicines that treat people. † That must be one of the key reasons why meat eaters experience more health problems. â€Å"Harvard studies showed that daily meat eaters have approximately three times the colon cancer risk, compared to those who rarely eat meat. † Eating meat encourages the growth of cancer, (The Physicians Committee) while plant-based diets promotes a healthy lifestyle that reduces such negative health impacts (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Diets that are rich in fiber, such as a Vegetarian diet, speeds the passage of food through the colon, effectively removing carcinogens, changing the type of bacteria that is present in the intestine, so that there is a reduced production of carcinogenic secondary bile acids. Anti-cancer compounds. Those reasons explain why, vegetarians are at the lowest risk for cancer and have a significantly reduced risk compared to meat-eaters (The Physicians Committee). According to new research in Austrian vegetarians, â€Å"Many people who go vegetarian do so because they are experiencing health problems† (Messing, 2014). Eating meat as we do is killing us, and according to Dry. Frank Huh, co-author of a new Harvard study on the topic, what is new â€Å"is the magnitude of risk associated with very moderate red meat consumption. † The magnitude for processed meat is even greater than that. The Harvard study concluded that one serving of red meat a day increases the risk of early death by 13 percent. The same single daily serving of processed meat (like bacon or hot dog) increases that risk by 20 percent. And â€Å"one serving† means that little deck-of-cards sized lump that doesn’t satisfy anyone over the age of 10. Huh acknowledged that â€Å"it’s not really surprising because red meat consumption has been linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. What is surprising is the magnitude of risk associated with very moderate red meat consumption† (Hoffman, 2014). There are both pros and cons when it comes to eating or not eating meat, but the cons of not eating meat are easier to fix than the health related problems that come with eating meat. Eating less or no meat requires change, real change that involves having a clear understanding of meat’s critical role in our lives. Just knowing how negative the impacts of eating meat are to the overall health of each person and the evidence that proves it, Mark Batman’s claim stands true. Real change in the right direction something that Mark Batman predicts will eventually occur and he believes that his solution to tax Junk food will enable that. The money that comes from taxing Junk food, would be used to subsidize public health measures like making fruits and vegetables less expensive and more widely accessible. Batman compares this change in food to, great strides for minorities, the establishment of Medicare, and tremendous strides for women. By regulating Cafes Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations and taxing Junk, Batman presumes that change is going to happen, and assumes that we are Just too impatient. He believes that the change that we want to see is not coming as quickly as we would like it to, and the thing that we need to realize is that real change is a slow process (Ottawa). It took over 20 years, in order to revise nutrition labels. That revision had a â€Å"dramatic effect on what people choose to eat and drink and what products sell in permeates† (Museum Chaw and Thompson). With this improvement, people felt less defeated, now that they had a clearer understanding of the labels and could differentiate between items such as sugars, natural and added. We need to educate the lost by, discouraging the consumption of bad food and encouraging the consumption of good food (Batman, 2012). Previously, before label and other food changes, consumers would Just eat items without knowing what they Just ate. Due to their lack of understanding and the companies’ lack of clarification, people would eat more than they needed, resulting in an unhealthy body weight. As someone who likes labels, especially when I am trying to stick to a healthy diet. To avoid the defeat, I would have to do the majority of my cooking at home, homemade. Due to the validated knowledge that has been brought to my attention, I believe that Mark Batman’s argument is solid. In Mark Batman’s Ted Talk he helps the viewers understand the importance of home cooking and how straying away from it might seem easy, but not at all as healthy as actually knowing what they are eating. Batman states that, â€Å"It is really important to be a home cook,† and informs us that throughout history we have lost that concept. Between the years of 1950-2000, many were sucked into the idea of convenience and the quality of home cooked meals â€Å"was down the tubes† (Batman, 2012) Fewer meals consisted of home cooked breads, desserts and soups, because it all could be purchased at any store. In the ass, women began to enter the workforce, and due to a lack of time and patience, they brought home store bought meals for their families. Home cooking was in a bad state, due to the appealing contents in convenient foods (Batman, 2007). In order for healthy home cooked meals to recycle back up the food chain, â€Å"We need to start acting. We need to start eating and cooking with less meat. Instead of going for meat, go for healthier proteins, such as nuts. â€Å"The time has come to stop raising them industrially and stop eating them thoughtlessly’ (Batman. 2007). We need to start considering the piece of ham on our breakfast plates, and where it came from before it lands on our grocery store shelves (Brooks). Knowing that eating meat is hazardous, makes me not regret my choice of becoming a vegetarian. This knowledge is not something that should be kept to myself. I feel safe, and feel as if it is my moral obligation to inform meat eaters of the deadly consequences that they redundantly face, like Mark Batman does. I would gladly recommend meat eaters, especially those who do it excessively and thoughtlessly, to watch the Ted Talk, Mark Batman: What’s wrong with what we eat. His talk is based off of research that has been done by credible sources such as Batman himself, and I am in agreement with his valid claim. How to cite Mark Bittman: Man v. Meat, Papers

Management Financial Information Management

Questions: Assignment Task: 1) Assume you have invested half of your savings in a risk-free asset and half in a risky portfolio P. Is it theoretically possible to lower your portfolio risk if you move your risk-free assetholdings into another risky portfolio Q? In other words, can you ever reduce your risk more by buying a risky security than by buying a risk-free asset? 2) Is it possible that the holdings of an open-end fund are worthmuch more or less than what the shares of the fund are trading for? Explain with clear examples supported and referenced with relevant data. This question is designed to test your familiarity with sources of financial information which you will need collate market for valuation purposes. You will therefore be marked on solid demonstration of this capability? 3) If a firm repurchases 1% of its shares, does this change the capitalisation of the stock marketon which it is listed? If a firm distributes 1% of its value throughdividends, does this change the capitalisation of the stock market on which it is listed? You are required to explain your reasons including: i) Impact of share repurchase on market capitalisationii) Impact dividend payment on market capitalisation Answers: 1. In the stock market, investors may face high volatility in the investors portfolio. And sometimes the investor may have low volatility in the investors portfolio. The market condition of the stock market does not stay in the good mood for long time period. Sometimes the stock market may have good time and sometimes the stock market may have bad times. It totally depends on the market condition and the economic condition and also political condition of a country. If the investor invest half of the investors savings in a risk free asset in portfolio P and also invest half of the investors savings in a risky portfolio, then the investor should keep three things in mind: a) The investor should keep different types of bonds, equity, mutual funds in the risky portfolio. So that if the market condition of one asset is in bad mood another asset can balance the portfolio. b) The investors should not keep only blue chip stocks in the portfolio. As the price of the blue chip stock is very high, and if the stock price falls then the investor rate of return will also fall very badly (Agrawal, 2009). So, if the investor picks different types of assets whose rate of return is also different then the investor may ensure large gain from the investors risky portfolio. c) The investor should keep in mind to minimize the unsystematic risk to the companies or group who are small in size and are from different industries. The investor can reduce the volatility of the portfolio by using few steps: Beta: The volatility of a stock can be measured by beta. The beta of a stock one means that the price of the stock will be in tandem. If the value of beta of a stock is equal to less than one that means the volatility of the stock as compared to the overall market condition is less. And if the value of the beta is above one that means the volatility of the stock as compared to the overall market condition is more and the equity can respond more strictly. The investor can reduce the volatility by selling the high beta shares and substitute them with low beta shares. Hedging: Hedging strategy means when the traders gets into the long position or in the short position in the capital market the trader can use the hedging strategy. When the traders make the portfolio, the traders should keep in mind that from all the securities or the shares, the trader cannot earn a profit (Crouhy, Galai and Mark, 2000). May be the trader may run in loss while investing in the market. To minimize the loss the traders should hedge their portfolio with different shares or securities so that the loss from one share gets minimize by making a profit from other securities. Bonds: When the investors have a high risk factor in the portfolio of the investor, there is a chance for the investor to face less return from the investors investment (Holmes, 2002). That time the investor wants to find a safe place to keep his investment after facing the loss from the investment. The investor can reduce the risk from the investment by investing the investment into the bond. It also helps the investor to bring good amount of income. Cash: The investor should keep some amount of cash with the investor so that if the share price or the portfolio goes down then the investor can buy shares at the time of inflation which will make the portfolio less risky (Hopkin, n.d.). This is because when the share price will go high the investor can sell out the share and can earn a large margin of profit from the share which can minimize the loss occurred by the other shares of the portfolio. 2. Open end fund means the collection of stocks which can be redeem and issue at any time. Open end fund is offered mostly in the countries which are already developed. The investor can buy the share directly from the fund. An open ended fund can also be known as big pool of money. The open end fund contains plenty of money which belongs to the investors. The fund of the open end fund is alienated into units. In open end fund, the investor can buy or sell the units at any time. When the investor invests in the open end fund, the fund gets bigger in size. The price of the unit is calculated in daily basis. It is measured by the values of the bonds, equity and other assets and divides the price of the assets by the total number of assets. Open ended funds invested in: An open ended fund generally invests in both the bonds and equities. They also keep cash in hand for future purpose and an open ended fund also invest in the market of derivative. The cash which are kept to manage the portfolios are saved for the future purpose (JordaÃÅ'Æ’o and Sousa, 2010). The main reasons for investing money in an open ended fund by the investors: When the investor wants to invest the money in the open end fund, the fund manager of the open end fund will guide the investor about what type of assets can be purchased by the investors. The main aim of the fund manager of the open end fund is to give maximum return to the investor with respect to the investment made by the investor. The main reason of investing the money in the open end fund by the investor is to get the maximum return and after getting the profit from the investment, the investor will again invest in the open end fund (Krause, 2006). This situation will make the fund of the open end fund much bigger. The two main kinds of open ended funds are: Unit trusts: The unit trusts are dual price. When the investor buying the unit trust, some amount of money is charged by the fund manager (Bell and Jenkinson, 2001). The variation between the buying price and the selling price is the profit for the investor. Open ended investment companies: It contains single unit price. Most of the unit trust is now converted into the open ended investment Forward Pricing: The forward pricing is one of the most valuable characters in open end fund. The main function of the forward pricing is when the investor wants to buy or sell the units from the fund, the investor will not know the exact price of the unit until and unless the deal gets done (Cohen, 2012). For example: In the afternoon time at 12 o clock, the fund gets its tag. If the investor wants to buy or sell a unit in the morning. And placed an order for the unit from the fund. The investor will not have any idea about the buying price or the selling price of the unit. The main aim of the forward pricing is to dispirit the trading which is short term in open ended fund. 3. i) Impact of share repurchase on market capitalisation: In share repurchasing, the company ignores the taxation part of the company. But it will make an effect on the cash dividend of the shareholder. The company is distributing the cash to its shareholders. This shows that the company is really thinking about the shareholders wealth. Some share holders do not want sell the shares of the company, because they think the market price of the share will increase (Kari, Karikallio and PirttilaÃÅ'ˆ, 2009). Sometimes they repurchase the shares of the same company. The share holders think that the company will give high dividend value to the share holders. This situation will make the share holders to increase the ownership of the company in a greater fraction (Xu, Yasinzai and Lev, 2013). Theoretically, repurchasing the share of the same company will not change the market price of that particular share in the market. The problem faced by the share holders are the market price of the shares gets reduced by the amount value given as the cash dividend to the share holders. The main reason of this prospectus is the company concentrates on the rights of the company but simultaneously, the value of the company gets reduced by the equal amount of cash spent in shares buy back (Idowu et al., 2013). According to taxation rule, the buy back shares of the company treats the profit of the company as the capital gains. When the share holders get the dividend from the company, the share holders need to pay tax to the government. This is because the amount of dividend earned by the shareholders is treated as the capital gain for the shareholders which are fully taxable. When the company earns profit, company thinks about the share holders wealth and gives dividend to the share holders of the company. Sometimes, the company refused to give the dividend amount to their shareholders because the company wants to spend the profit by giving dividend to the share holders of the company (Lease, 2000). Another alternative impact of repurchasing the shares of the same company is to reinvest the earnings in the companys project which will help the company to grow rapidly in the market and can earn more amounts of dividends from the company, as the company will earn more profit (Xu, Yasinzai and Lev, 2013). ii) The impact of dividend payment on market capitalisation: Dividend policy of a company means the total amount of dividend paid by the company and the amount of profit earned by the company retained in the company to invest in a new project. The dividend policy is associated to dividing the profits earned by the company between the share holders of the company and the amount of profit retained in by the company for investing in a new project (Poterba, 2004). Many corporate analysts studied that the impact of companys dividend is recorded on the risk factor of the company. They made many research on this risk factor and found that the companys size, firms leverage and companys dividend policy have major relationships of companys risk factor. The corporate analyst studied that the company which have higher beta values are related to lower dividend payments among the share holders (Santoro and Wei, 2008). This shows a negative union between the dividend policy of a company and the risk factor of the company. This means the company who have more beta value has high financing cost, so the company is like to follow low dividend policy among the share holders of the company. Another union of corporate analysts studied the relationships between the dividend payment to the share holders and the volatility of the market price of the share. When the market price of the company is highly volatile in the market, the company should not take the risk to pay out the dividend to the share holders of the company (Xu, Yasinzai and Lev, 2013). If the company still spent the profit among the share holders of the company, then the company is thinking about the share holders wealth and secondly, the company wants to attract more share holders towards the company so that the share holder will invest more in buying the shares of the company due to the dividend policy. This will make the fund of the company more efficient and can invest more amounts of money in new projects of the company to earn more profit from the projects. When a firm reduces the amount of cash by paying out the money as dividend paid by the company to the share holders, then the companys value of the equity fall by the identical amount of dividend paid by the company to its share holders (Appendix). Appendix: For example: Newco has 20,000 shares outstanding and total income is $ 100,000. The market price of share is $ 40. How does it effect on 1 % stock repurchase. Price per Earnings ratio of Newco = $100,000 / 20,000 = $ 5 per share P/E ratio = $ 40 / $ 5 = 8x With 1 % stock repurchase, Newcos shares outstanding are reduced to 19,800 shares (20,000 * (1-0.1)) Newcos EPS = $ 100,000 / 19800 = $ 5.26 References: Casey, K. (2009). Dividends. [Bradford, England]: Emerald. Libby, R., Libby, P. and Short, D. (2011). Financial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Tuller, L. (2008). The small business valuation book. Avon, MA: Adams Business. Agrawal, R. (2009). Risk management. Jaipur, India: ABD Publishers. Crouhy, M., Galai, D. and Mark, R. (2000). Risk management. New York: McGraw Hill. Holmes, A. (2002). Risk management. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. .Jordao, B. and Sousa, E. (2010). Risk management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Krause, A. (2006). Risk management. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Bell, L. and Jenkinson, T. (2001). New evidence of the impact of dividend taxation and on the identity of the marginal investor. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Cohen, M. (2012). The eclipse of 'elegant economy'. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Pub. Gleditsch, N. (1996). The peace dividend. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Idowu, S., Capaldi, N., Zu, L. and Das Gupta, A. (2013). Encyclopedia of corporate social responsibility. Berlin: Springer. Jordao, B. and Sousa, E. (2010). Risk management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Kari, S., Karikallio, H. and Pirttila, J. (2009). The impact of dividend taxation on dividends and investment. Munich: CESifo. Lease, R. (2000). Dividend policy. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. Poterba, J. (2004). The impact of population aging on financial markets. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Capital Budgeting Of New Heritage Doll Company †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Capital Budgeting Of New Heritage Doll Company. Answer: Synopsis: The report is about New Heritage Doll Company which started its operations in the year 1985. The company has three segments i.e. retailing, production and licensing. Among the three the production segment is the most asset rich of all. The sale composition of the company comprised of 75% sales to the retailing segment of the company and the rest 25% came from manufacturing private label goods. Currently the Vice President of the company Emily Harris has been faced with the challenge of evaluating two proposals i.e. Match my Doll Clothing Line Expansion and Design your Own Doll[1]. In order to ascertain which proposal has to be selected Emily has to present her choice coupled with detailed analysis of the reasons for not choosing the other one. This would require assessment of both financial and non-financial aspects of the projects future performance and profitability. Symptoms: Every project proposal shows some kind of symptoms of failure or problems. These symptoms prove to be the nerves of the future performance appraisal of the project. Careful study of these symptoms can help Emily decide the project that has to put forward for acceptance. The symptoms showed by the two proposals ae as follows: Match my Doll: The brand manager Marcy McAdams is hurrying into the implementation and execution of the project. The project also requires huge amount of marketing and RD outlay which suggests that the project has inherent risk of unacceptance in case it is executed without proper research and development and intensive marketing. Design Your Own Doll: In this proposal the symptoms showed include complete change in the technological outlay of the organisation, webhosting capacity and immense modification will be needed in respect of third party service agreements entered into by the company. Root Cause The root cause behind the symptoms help in realisation of the challenges in the implementation of the proposed project from the point of view of the profitability and various other factors. The root causes of the problems of the proposals are as follows: Match my Doll: In this case the implementation has to happen very quickly because of the changing trends in the tastes and preferences of the children. The immense marketing has to be undertaken in order to stay ahead of the competitors as this is easier proposal from the point of execution as it doesnt require heavy capital expenditure in terms of new machinery or technology etc[2]. The company is not fully unaware about the execution of the proposal as it has already been executed in a smaller previously by the company. Design my Doll: The reason for the complete change in the technological outlay is because the changes made by the customer as per his desires to the doll are dependent upon how well the software is designed. The webhosting capacity has to be increased as it must be accessible to every customer whenever they want. A large number of customers may log in at the same time which might cause technical problems in the future. This is one of the major and basic requirements of the proposal. This can prove to be a major deterrent in terms of the flexibility of the organisation in response to the changes taking place in the technological field. Quantitative Analysis: From the quantitative analysis conducted it is seen that the net present value of the Match my doll proposal is way higher than that of the Design my doll. This objectively suggests the choice to be made in terms of the profitability of the business. The management should proceed with the first proposal[3]. While conducting the quantitative analysis due consideration has been given on the various factors like the working capital requirement of the proposal, the capital expenditure of the project and the projected operating profits from the project in the future. The calculation of NPV, IRR, Payback period and profitability are provided in the Appendix. The decision for the best investment project have been made after factoring in all the relevant calculations. Based on the calculations it can be said that the Match My Doll proposal is the best available option for the company. Qualitative Analysis: In order to conduct the qualitative analysis the requirements of both the proposals must be understood objectively. The first proposal requires huge marketing for its success. But, it must be kept in mind that one of the variant of the design my doll is already time tested in the past when it consisted of the some accessories for the warm weather. This shows that the project despite not much requirement for changing the operational structure of the organisation can prove to be successful. On the other hand design my doll requires complete change of the operational structure of the organisation especially in the field of technology used by it[4]. The fixed cost per unit of the products thus produced by the entity will rise along with the complexity of the manufacturing process. The proposal not only requires the company to change its way of operation but also requires it to take the risk of losing its loyal old customers and in addition to that it will be compelled to charge higher pr ice from its customers. Recommendation It is recommended that the first proposal is accepted due to profitability as well as organisational reasons. The second proposal cannot be selected because its net present value of inflows is significantly lower than the first proposal and also it demands immense amount of organisational change both in the field of capital expenditure and the technological requirement. References Almazan, Andres, Zhaohui Chen, and Sheridan Titman. "Firm Investment and Stakeholder Choices: A Top?Down Theory of Capital Budgeting."The Journal of Finance(2017). Burns, Richard, and Joe Walker. "Capital budgeting surveys: the future is now." (2015). Chittenden, Francis, and Mohsen Derregia. "Uncertainty, irreversibility and the use of rules of thumbin capital budgeting."The BritishAccounting Review47, no. 3 (2015): 225-236. Johnson, Nicole Bastian, and Thomas Pfeiffer. "Capital budgeting and divisional performance measurement."Foundations and Trends inAccounting 10, no. 1 (2016): 1-100.

Biography of Alexander II, Russias Reformist Tsar

Biography of Alexander II, Russia's Reformist Tsar Alexander II (born Alexander Nikolaevich Romanov; April 29, 1818 – March 13, 1881) was a nineteenth-century Russian emperor. Under his rule, Russia moved towards reform, most notably in the abolition of serfdom. However, his assassination cut these efforts short. Fast Facts: Alexander II Full Name:  Alexander Nikolaevich Romanov Occupation: Emperor of RussiaBorn: April 29, 1818 in Moscow, RussiaDied: March 13, 1881 in Saint Petersburg, RussiaKey Accomplishments: Alexander II earned a reputation for reform and a willingness to bring Russia into the modern world. His greatest legacy was the freeing of Russian serfs in 1861.Quote: The vote, in the hands of an ignorant man, without either property or self respect, will be used to the damage of the people at large; for the rich man, without honor or any kind of patriotism, will purchase it, and with it swamp the rights of a free people.† Early Life Alexander was born in Moscow in 1818 as the first son and heir of Tsar Nicholas I and his wife Charlotte, a Prussian princess. His parents’ marriage was, luckily (and somewhat unusually) for a purely political union, a happy one, and Alexander had six siblings who survived childhood. From birth, Alexander was given the title of Tsesarevich, which was traditionally given to the heir to the Russian throne. (The similar-sounding title tsarevich applied to any sons of a tsar, including non-Russians, and ceased being used by Romanov rulers in 1797). The upbringing and early education of Alexander was not one that seemed conducive to create a great reformer. Indeed, the opposite, if anything, was true. At the time, the court and political atmosphere was intensely conservative under his father’s authoritarian rule. Dissent from any corner, regardless of rank, was severely punishable. Even Alexander, who was the darling of his family and of all Russia, would have had to be careful. Nicholas, however, was nothing if not practical in the upbringing of his successor. He had suffered from a dull, frustrating education as a â€Å"spare† to the throne (his immediate predecessor was not his father, but rather his brother Alexander I) that had left him without any desire to take up the title. He was determined to not let his son suffer the same fate and provided him with tutors that included reformer Mikhail Speransky and romantic poet Vasily Zhukovsky, plus a military instructor, General Karl Merder. This combination led to Alexander being well-prepared and more liberal than his father. At the age of sixteen, Nicholas created a ceremony in which Alexander formally swore allegiance to the autocracy as the successor. Marriage and Early Reign While on tour in Western Europe in 1839, Alexander was in search of a royal wife. His parents preferred Princess Alexandrine of Baden and arranged for the twenty-one-year-old tsesarevich to meet her. The meeting was unimpressive, and Alexander declined to pursue the match. He and his entourage made an unplanned stop at the court of the Grand Duke of Hesse, Ludwig II, where he met and became smitten with the duke’s daughter, Marie. Despite some early objections from his mother and a long engagement because of Marie’s youth (she was only fourteen when they met), Alexander and Marie married on April 28, 1841. Although the protocols of court life did not appeal to Marie, the marriage was a happy one, and Alexander leaned on Marie for support and advice. Their first child, the Grand Duchess Alexandra, was born in August 1842, but died of meningitis at the age of six. In September 1843, the couple had their son and Alexander’s heir, Nicholas, followed in 1845 by Alexander (the future Tsar Alexander III), Vladimir in 1847, and Alexei in 1850. Even after Alexander took mistresses, their relationship remained close. Nicholas I died of pneumonia in 1855, and Alexander II succeeded to the throne at the age of 37. His early reign was dominated by the fallout from the Crimean War and cleaning up overwhelming corruption at home. Thanks to his education and personal leanings, he began pushing forward a more reformist, liberal set of policies than the iron-fisted authoritarianism of his predecessors. Reformer and Liberator Alexander’s signature reform was the liberation of the serfs, which he began working towards almost immediately after coming to the throne. In 1858, he toured the country to encourage the nobility – who were reluctant to give up their reliance on serfs – to back the reform. The Emancipation Reform of 1861 formally abolished serfdom throughout the Russian Empire, giving 22 million serfs the rights of full citizens. His reforms were not limited to this by any means. Alexander ordered the reform of the Russian military, from enforcing conscription for all social classes (not just the peasantry) to improving officer education to creating districts for more efficient administration. An elaborate and detailed bureaucracy worked to reform the judicial system and make the system simpler and more transparent. At the same time, his government created local districts that took on many duties of self-governance. Despite his zeal for reform, Alexander was no democratic ruler. The Moscow Assembly proposed a constitution, and in response, the tsar dissolved the assembly. He fervently believed that diluting the power of the autocracy with representatives of the people would destroy the populace’s quasi-religious view of the tsar as a divinely-ordained, unquestioned ruler. When separatist movements, particularly in Poland and Lithuania, threatened to erupt, he suppressed them harshly, and later in his reign, he began to crack down on liberal teachings at universities. However, he supported efforts in Finland to increase its autonomy. An assassination attempt in April 1866 may have contributed to Alexander’s shift away from his earlier liberal reforms. Assassination and Legacy Alexander was the target of several assassination attempts, including the one in 1866. In April 1879, a would-be assassin named Alexander Soloviev shot at the tsar as he walked; the shooter missed and was sentenced to death. Later that year, other revolutionaries attempted a more elaborate plot, orchestrating a railway explosion – but their information was incorrect and they missed the tsar’s train. In February 1880, the tsar’s enemies came closer than they ever had before to achieving their goal when Stephan Khalturin, from the same radical group that bombed the train, managed to detonate a device in the Winter Palace itself, killing and wounding dozens and causing damage to the palace, but the imperial family was awaiting a late arrival and was not in the dining room. On March 13, 1881, Alexander went, as was his custom, to a military roll call. He rode in a bulletproof carriage gifted to him by Napoleon III, which saved his life during the first attempt: a bomb thrown under the carriage as it passed by. Guards attempted to evacuate Alexander quickly. Another conspirator, a radical revolutionary named Ignacy Hryniewiecki, got close enough to throw a bomb directly at the fleeing emperor’s feet. The bomb horrifically wounded Alexander, as well as others in the vicinity. The dying tsar was brought to the Winter Palace, where he was given his last rites and died minutes later. Alexander left behind a legacy of slow but steady reform and began the modernization of Russia – but his death stopped what would have been one of the biggest reforms: a set of planned changes that Alexander had approved and spoke of as a step towards a true constitution – something Romanov rulers had always resisted. The announcement was set to be made around March 15, 1881. But Alexander’s successor chose instead to retaliate for the assassination with severe setbacks to civil liberties, including arrests of dissenters and anti-Semitic pogroms that would last for the rest of the Romanov era. Sources Montefiore, Simon Sebag. The Romanovs: 1613 – 1918. London, Weidenfeld Nicolson, 2017.Mosse, W.E. â€Å"Alexander II: Emperor of Russia.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-II-emperor-of-RussiaRadzinsky, Edvard. Alexander II: The Last Great Tsar. Simon Schuster, 2005.